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Administration and Related Streams How To Use The Business Report Template (version 1. 0) Formal business reports are prepared in a different format than essays or other academic assignments. Preparing professional reports, and proposals, will help you communicate your ideas to your employers while also adding to your value as an employee. This is an important skill to develop and practice while here at Centennial. Business writing should involve three key steps: Planning Writing Completing Planning: Analyzing the situation or topic.Defining the purpose, the â€Å"business problem† or opportunity' that a report may address. Formulating a main message for your report – often this involves proposing a solution or response to the purpose. Developing an audience profile. Gathering information. In other words, primary and secondary research, as required. Organizing the information: Creating an outline or structure for the key points that need to be expressed. Writing: Adapt ing to the audience. Developing a tone or style that is sensitive to audience needs while projecting and protecting your organization's image and/or brand.Composing the message: Follow the outline prepared earlier, using carefully instructed paragraphs and sentences. Identify or create any visual or graphic representations of data that you want to use. Completing: Revising: Proofread and edit for spelling, grammar and typographical errors. Re-write for conciseness and clarity. To assist you with the formatting of such documents, we have prepared a template that you can use to guide you through the report preparation process. Download the template. Save one â€Å"master † copy to use again in the future.Save a new copy with a new file name that reflects your report or assignment. Instructions are given and highlighted in yellow. Read all instructions and delete them when you no longer need them. Replace all other elements (titles, headings, sample text, etc. ) with YOUR conten t, as instructed. When you finish using the template, the final document should contain your own original work, formatted as a standard business report. All instructions or examples given in this template should be either deleted or replaced with your own content.Instructions for the cover page: The next page is a cover page and contains the report title (mandatory), a subtitle (optional) and information on the author, the intended audience (in this case, a roofless), and the date it was prepared. Every business report should have a title that reflects its content or â€Å"main message†. The title should be in the same font as the body of your work, but at least twice as large as your regular text. It should be centered, bold, underlined and should appear about one third to halfway down the page from the top.Depending on the nature and content of the report, you may decide that a subtitle is appropriate. For example, a report about recycling in Toronto might look like this: R ecycling In Toronto Saving The City One Plastic Bottle At A Time Titles do not require punctuation, although you can use a colon at the end of the title if you decide to use a subtitle. This is optional. Guidelines regarding fonts and font sizes: Use either a simple sans serif font (Ariel, Calamari, OTTOMH) or Times New Roman (a simple serif font). Regardless of which font you select, use the same font for the entire document.Do not use italics at any point in your report. Use the following font sizes and configurations: Cover Page Title: 22 point, bold, underlined, centered Cover Page SubTitle: 16 point, centered Headings: 16 point ,bold, underlined, centered Subheadings: 13 point, bold, underlined left-justified Body text: 1 1 point DELETE THIS PAGE BEFORE YOU HAND IN YOUR WORK! The Title Of Your Report The Subtitle of Your Report Your Name Your Student Number Professor's Name Course Name Course Code Date Submitted Executive Summary Instructions: The heading â€Å"Executive Summa ry' is standard and should remain unchanged on this page.An Executive Summary is the last item that an author prepares when writing a business report. It should contain NO MORE than three paragraphs, each with three or four sentences. The Executive Summary should never exceed one page. Paragraph One: Introduce the topic of the report. Paragraph Two: Discuss the main problem(s) that the report examines. Paragraph Three: Review, briefly, any conclusions or recommendations that the report offers. A reader should get a reasonable representation of the overall content from reading these three paragraphs. Table of Contents These page numbers are provided as samples.Use the real page numbers for your report. Put actual headings and subheadings as per your actual report. Introduction First Topic Heading Subheading 2 Second Topic Heading 3 Third Topic Heading 4 Recommendations Conclusion References 5 Appendices 6 Appendix One 7 Appendix Two 8 – Title Appendix Three – Title 9 Ap pendix Four – Title 10 The Table of Contents shows the reader where to find specific content areas. If you have prepared a strong outline prior to writing your report (highly recommended), the headings, subheadings and other information should be easily available and clearly organized.This example shows three headings and two subheadings for each, however this is Just for the purposes of this example. There is no set amount for these elements. Use as many of each as you feel are appropriate to construct a omelet report. Insert the accurate page number for each corresponding element. It is often best to construct this table of contents after all content is prepared and edited. This will allow for fewer revisions to the table of contents. The appendices show any data tables, charts, graphs, or visuals that you refer to within the body of the report.Such visual material should appear at the end in an appendix rather than taking up page space within the body of the report. A note about page numbers: The first page of the report is the page that follows this table of contents and should notation a few introductory paragraphs to the topic, followed by the first major topic heading. However, the first page NUMBER should appear on page two. It is standard to leave the page number out on page one. Introduction Marketing has been changed dramatically for last fifty years. Nowadays it consists of many different and complex tools for every particular type of business.With constant changes technological progress, in the way consumers communicate personally and professionally, marketing is a moving forward every day. Now, it happens online, offline and everywhere in-between. With the prevalence of social media, mobile internet connections and on-demand information, the 21st century presents a new challenges and opportunities for marketers. To understand these challenges and opportunities could be extremely important for success of marketing campaigns and, as result, for businesses in 21st century.Furthermore, modern marketers should understand how to solve particular challenges and how to use particular opportunities as effectively as possible. Challenges The marketing profession is going through a major transformation. Traditionally, marketing focuses on three key responsibilities: understanding the customer, how ND where to market and building the brand promise. These responsibilities are now transforming into new dimensions that require marketers to function and collaborate differently.We are talking about the new marketing imperatives of understanding the client as an individual, having a clear view of the client experience Journey or the systems of engagement and lastly, integrating the company's culture and brand to be authentically one. With today's Big Data, a marketer has the potential to transform his/her role and use the new insights to drive strategic decisions for growth and nominative advantage. Big Data-?the enormous volume, vari ety, veracity and velocity of data being produced-?holds tremendous potential for the marketing function.With the right marketing mix, marketing professionals can use Big Data to better understand individual customers, predict their behaviors, create tailored interactions and maximize the value of each interaction. Gone are the days where we Just talk about understanding markets. We have moved onto a smaller rabbit hole that promises much more. Marketers now need to understand each customer as an individual. Subheading Sample text Lore pipes dollar sit met, constructed advising elite. Vestibules magna Guam, actor at congou neck, Venetians a fells.UNC ornate, veldt AC tincture pollutant, sapiens veldt consequent null, id dismissing est. Eros et risks. Vamps consequent arc trustier risks ornate a frangible NIST consequent. Queues at trustier Eros. Duds sit met Eros seed UNC consequent mantis e vitae Guam. Annual facilities caulis torpor id plainer. In plenteous NIST quiz risks lifelin e placemat. Name AC malamutes magna. Present trustier seem AC pipes subscript a ornate Guam ultraists. Suspensions at arc NIST. Ut veil dodo mass. Anne get pipes Eros, quiz plenteous unique. Team consequent valuate purrs, et posture urn lacing non.Prior torpor NIST, lacing a bacchius condiment, dictum e Mauritius. Morbid veldt pipes, lifeline subscript rhombus in, element get urn. Vamps seed felts et est. commode aliquot. Present quiz urn ante. In seed dud dodo, advising moll's ague. In biennium nib UT pipes lacing UT lusts lacks valuate. Queues get meets unique. Mauritius commode mass e elite saddles UT clique's Just vestibules. Passels simper pipes sit met dollar facilities a frangible tells tincture. Team at magna lore, UT rut elite. Suspensions siestas consequent Eros, et interned fells placemat UT.Anne UT lacks elects, vitae dictum lacks. Present AC NIST Adam, id vestibules lacks. Annual constructed, Leo neck imperiled plenteous, NIST risks Venetians null, quiz tempts meets dol lar dismissing seem. Anne vitae clique's torpor. Morbid seem dodo, solicitude seed portion at, lampooner sit met Adam. Plenteous turnips UNC, Verviers veil malamutes in, caulis in magna. (Argentina 2006) The major difference between a â€Å"business report† and an â€Å"essay' is that a business port clearly divides its content into logically flowing topic areas, divided by headings and subheadings.These should ALWAYS correspond to a properly prepared outline – something that makes your task much easier. Use as many headings / subheadings as make sense for your report. There is no standard regarding the number of paragraphs or sentences per paragraph, although most paragraphs contain – at minimum – three sentences. Use as many or as few as make sense for what you have to say about your topic. Please note: A heading or subheading should NEVER appear in the last 15% (I. E. At the bottom) of any page. In such a case, leave white space and start the next sec tion at the top of the next page.In-Text Citations: For all ideas, quotations or content, use standard PAP in-text citation format of the author's name followed year of publication. (Argentina 2006) The reader should then be able to refer to your reference page to find where you sourced your specific material. Opportunities Wide range of marketing tools With today's development of the Internet, new marketing tools appear every year or even every month. Improvement of old technologies is happening too. Because of that marketers can use a huge number of marketing tools now.Beginning from advertising in magazines and continue to the promotion in the Internet, social networks. Obviously, it gives new opportunities for businesses and for people around. Cheap marketing Vamps seed felts et est. commode aliquot. Present quiz urn ante. In seed dud dodo, advising moll's ague. In biennium nib UT pipes lacing UT lusts lacks valuate. Queues get meets unique. Mauritius commode mass e elite saddle s UT clique's just vestibules. Passels simper pipes sit met dollar facilities a frangible tells tincture. Team at magna lore, UT rut elite. Suspensions siestas consequent Eros, t interned fells placemat UT.Anne UT lacks elects, vitae dictum lacks. Present AC NIST Adam, id vestibules lacks. Annual constructed, Leo neck imperiled plenteous, NIST risks Venetians null, quiz tempts meets dollar dismissing seem. Anne vitae clique's torpor. Morbid seem dodo, solicitude seed portion at, lampooner sit met Adam. Plenteous turnips UNC, Verviers veil malamutes in, caulis in magna. Maximize each engagement Customers are individuals. To be a successful marketer, one needs to go beyond broad customer segmentation to determine individual preferences and anticipate individual behaviors.By understanding each customer as an individual, one can develop highly targeted promotions, determine the next best action for each individual and deliver a tailored experience-?one that improves outcomes and increas es return on investment (ROI). Social media sentiments are crucial especially for business to consumer (BBC) enterprises. Collecting and analyzing the content from social media must be a top priority. The volume of social media content is staggering: Every minute, there are some 1. 7 million Faceable posts, a third of a million tweets, plus some 2. 8 million Youth views, according to Delano Digitalis 013 Social Media Trends.In the Philippines, social media is changing the way the Filipinos do things in general. Going by the numbers from Sociological, one of every three Filipinos is on Faceable. Big businesses are cashing in on it and there's no sign that it's going to slow down anytime soon. To make a point, in May 2013, ABS-CAB Integrated News and Current Affairs (INCA) tied up with IBM Philippines to utilize its deep big data analytics expertise and patented tools in analyzing public interactions on social media that helped made better sense of the social media activities in the r ecent mid-term elections.Faceable is Just one of the many channels that offer marketers routes into the psyche of a customer. As the number of customer channels increases, delivering a tailored experience across all channels is a must. Whether a customer engages-?in person, via telephone calls or comments via Twitter or on Youth, the need to anticipate what the customer wants and then make the most of each interaction is crucial. Improving marketing effectiveness An effective marketer seeks to sustain interest, generate qualified lead and goes on to convert an inquiry into a new sale-?while making the most of the marketing investment.In the past, many marketing campaigns fail to generate actual sales. The good news is, today's advanced analytics has the potential to maximize the value of Big Data and transform key marketing functions. Employing big data analytics for behavior analysis, for example, enables marketers to explore a broader range of customer information than previously available, detect patterns in prior behavior and more accurately predict future behaviors. As a result, marketers can determine the next best action, better target promotions and increase the effectiveness of advertising campaigns.The valuable customer information that marketers collect can be used not only to improve marketing but also to enhance product development. By sharing emerging trends and real-time feedback gathered from social media and other sources, marketers can make a valuable contribution to successful product development. Moving from traditional marketing strategies to more data-driven approaches that employ advanced analytics, marketers can optimize their audience, channel, content and yield. They can better target high-value customers, determine the best channels for reaching those customers, tailor the messaging and ultimately liver better results.Big Data is more than a simple matter of size; it is an opportunity to find insights in new and emerging types of dat a and content, to make your business more agile, and to answer questions that were previously considered beyond your reach. Until now, there was no practical way to harvest this opportunity. To sum it up, it is about bringing science to the art of marketing and realizing that things can be done smarter. In Conclusion pipes, lifeline subscript rhombus in, element get urn. Vamps seed fells et est. commode aliquot. Present quiz urn ante.In seed dud dodo, advising moll's ague. Plenteous turnips UNC, Verviers veil malamutes in, caulis in magna. Most business reports are written with the purpose of presenting findings and offering recommendations. When preparing the conclusion, you may wish to review the main points from the introduction (for example, re-stating whatever business problem you were examining) and suggesting what positive results might follow should your recommendations be followed. Argentina, P. A. , & Foreman, J. (2006). The Power of Corporate Communication: Crafting the V oice and Image of Your Business.New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Hover's Online. (2007) Intel-company Capsule. Retrieved September 6, 2007 from www. Hoovers. Com/ Intel-corporation/–old_13787–/free-co-facets. XHTML. Porter, M. E. & Kramer, M. R. (2002, December). The competitive advantage of corporate philanthropy. Harvard Business Review, 80(12), 56-68. Instructions – PAP Citation Style: The American Psychological Association (PAP) style is one of three standard formats used to cite works that have been used as research for reports and essays.ALL non- original ideas and content within a document MUST be cited or you may be legalizing – in other words, you may be presenting work that appears to be yours, but in fact is not. Your professor has the option to give a grade of zero for either the work, or the course, should a student be found popularizing. The best way to avoid this is to use PAP to cite EVERYTHING. Keep track of every article you read, every book, journal or website you use. Personal interviews with experts are great sources of information and must be cited in the text as well however do not need to be included in the reference page.PAP has the following attributes: Citations are formatted as hanging indents and appear alphabetically by author last name. Citations contain the following information (when available), IN THIS ORDER: 1 . Author last name followed by initials 2. Year of publication (in parentheses) 3. Title information 4. Publication information 5. Date retrieved or accessed (for online Journals and web sites) 6. Page range (for periodicals only) 7. URL (for online Journals and websites) The examples above offer three different types of citations for the reference page. There are dozens more that cover all possible situations.Examples can be found inline if you search for â€Å"PAP examples†, or you can refer to any reputable communications textbook for guidance. Appendix One – Title Chart Title List the source and the date here Put all visual materials into appendices that appear at the end of your report. Each page should contain only ONE visual. Change the title of the appendix here to reflect your work. MAKE SURE you properly label the data, and that you use an explanatory chart title. The source for the visual should always be listed, as well as a date. This is particularly important if you are using data that might be questioned or may be obsolete. Picture Title

Neem Oil

NEEM (Azadirachta indica) OIL USED IN AN OIL BURNER AS INCENSE MOSQUITO REPELLENT LEADER: OCAMPO, YSABELLA ASST. LEADER: BALASOTO, JANUS MEMBERS: ALLASAS, PATRICIA CASTANARES, JASON MIRANDA, CHRISTIAN NEEM (Azadirachta indica) OIL USED IN AN OIL BURNER AS INCENSE MOSQUITO REPELLENT INTRODUCTION Mosquitoes are well-known pests to the entire human race. Later in the 90s, they discovered that these arthropods are also carriers responsible for transmission of devastating diseases to mankind. They transmit diseases by feeding on blood from vertebrates, including us humans.As years gone by, many studied: the relationship between the mosquitoes and the diseases they carry; the possible ways of eliminating or preventing the spread by these diseases in areas observed to have a large number of victims. Mosquitoes thrive in moist and relatively warm environments just like what Tropical Countries are. Tropical Countries are home to most number of species of mosquitoes. Our country, the Philippin es, is among the Tropical Countries. Culex, Aedes, and Anopheles are among the most common species of mosquitoes and they carry a vicious disease namely Dengue, Malaria and Yellow Fever which can kill a human.These diseases are common yet deadly diseases to us and the number of victims are still drastically increasing. This leaves some authorities arguing whether mosquitoes are the most dangerous animals to mankind. The average life span of the female mosquito is three to 100 days; the male mosquito will survive 10 to 20 days, but we are not waiting that long for the mosquitoes to die for us to be safe. Neem oil is a natural substance extracted from the seeds of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica), an evergreen native to India.Long used in certain systems of traditional medicine (such as  ayurveda), neem oil is thought to offer a number of benefits when applied to the skin and/or hair. Neem oil contains several fatty acids thought to be beneficial to the skin, such as oleic acid an d linoleic acid. Some proponents also suggest that neem oil can act as a  natural insect repellent. Known as â€Å"azadirachtins,† certain compounds found in neem oil are thought to possess insecticidal properties. (Wong, 2012) In 1994 the the Malaria Research  Center  of Delhi, India tested whether kerosene lamps with 1% Neem oil can protect people from mosquito bites.For that test they burned the lamps in living rooms, and from 6 pm to 6 am caught the mosquitoes sitting on the walls and those attracted to human bait (i. e. volunteers). Neem oil clearly reduced the number of bites on the volunteers and also the number of mosquitoes caught. The protection was greater against anopheles species (the ones that transmit malaria) than against culex. A 1995 study at a field station at the Malaria Research Centre in Ranipur, Hardwar, India tested a mix of 2% neem oil mixed in coconut oil.They showed that applying that mixture to the skin provided significant protection from va rious mosquitoes. It worked best against anophelines, offering 96-100% protection. The malaria transmitting anopheles mosquitoes fall into this group. The numbers for other species were 85% for aedes (carries dengue fever), 61-94% for Culex spp. (can carry West Nile virus) and 35% for Armigeres. In 1996 the Malaria Research  Center  of Delhi, India did another field trial with kerosene lamps in an Indian village. Kerosene lamps with 1% Neem oil were kept burning from dusk to dawn in living rooms.They found that the lamps kept the mosquitoes out of the living rooms and that the malaria incidents of the population dropped dramatically (from about ten cases per thousand people to only one per thousand). Once the lamps were removed, the mosquitoes returned and so did the malaria. As for the safety of this method another 1996 study by the Malaria Research Centre in Delhi, India tested the effects of kerosene lamps with 1% neem oil. Clinical examination of 156 adults and 110 children did not reveal any major adverse effects after one year of exposure to 1% neem oil.This shows that depending upon  what species of mosquito you are dealing with, effectiveness of use varies. For malaria protection Neem oil is fantastic. If you combine the 96-100% protection rate of the home made mosquito repellent with burning Neem oil when sitting outside and wearing sensible clothing you are well protected indeed. A. Statement of the Problem. The number of victims of Malaria, Yellow Fever, and specially Dengue is drastically increasing as PIA or Philippine Information Agency has confirmed. B.Objective of the Study. This study aims to know if the neem oil used as incense added with herbs and other aromatic flowers will be an effective mosquito repellent. The main objective of this study is to know if our Neem Oil Incense along with other herbs will be enough to repel the mosquitoes from our skins and prevent them from biting us and for how long will it be able to repel the mosqui toes. C. Significance of the Study. This study is significant in solving problems relating the diseases brought by mosquitoes.The incense will repel the mosquitoes that carry diseases from the citizens living in areas with a large mosquito population. We will observe if the number of victims in a specific community will decrease once the incense is implied and used. Since our research is aiming if our Neem Oil Incense will be enough to prevent the mosquitoes from biting us, this shall help our community lessen victims of the notorious mosquitoes. METHODOLOGY A. The primary materials needed for this experiment are oil burner and neem oil. Sampaguita and lemon grass will be added to the neem oil to ensure an aromatic scent.The sampaguita and lemon grass does not necessarily affect the properties of neem in repelling the mosquitoes. B. Neem oil  is a  vegetable oil  pressed from the fruits and seeds of the neem (Azadirachta indica), an  evergreen  tree which is  endemic   to the  Indian subcontinent  and has been introduced to many other areas in the tropics. You can buy neem oil in Research Agencies like the International Rice Research Institute located in UPLB, Phil. The sampaguita’s and lemon grass’s juices will be pressed with 1 ml of water until their juices are extracted.The juices of sampaguita and lemon grass will be added to the mixture. This will improve the scent of the neem mixture. The mixture will be placed in the oil burner. We will light the burners for 6-10 hours. There will be 3 cages each having two hours of difference. Cage A’s burner will be lit for 6 hours. Cage B’s burner will be lit for 8 hours. Lastly, Cage C’s burner will be lit for 10 hours. We will observe if the number of hours the burner will be lit has a great effect in the â€Å"repellance† of the neem oil.Since we are aiming on how to repel mosquitoes, we should know first how to attract them in order to know how effective our research will be. We will lure mosquitoes by putting on sweet-smelling lotions or creams. Invest in floral-smelling perfumes. To mosquitoes, these products are sweet-smelling like blood. These fragrances cause the mosquitoes to associate their floral scent for a possible blood supply. And then, as said earlier, we will test each cage with different number of hours. REFERENCES: Ways on how to attract a mosquito.Retrieved from: (http://www. ehow. com/how_8264153_attract-mosquito. html) Reviews of Related Literature. Retrieved from: (http://www. terawet. com/Mosquito_Control_by_Neem. html) Diagram of Comparison. Retrieved from: (http://www. doh. gov. ph/sites/default/files/2012Den28WMR. pdf) Information about Aedes. Retrieved from: (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Aedes) Information about Anopheles. Retrieved from: (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Anopheles) Information about Culex. Retrieved from: (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Culex)

Emotional health Essay

Since I am going into the field of psychology, community psychologists have interest in promoting systems change to improve the lives of individuals and communities. Systems change efforts frequently involve the implementations of reforms across a wide variety of organizations that make a system, as well as reforms with the individuals that compromise those organizational settings such as medical providers as well as individual. Domestic violence has increasingly been seen as a health care issue, beginning with immediate and long term physical and emotional health and well-being. Ideally, health care settings can provide an avenue for enhancing domestic violence intervention by reaching women with abusive partners and offering appropriate assistance. In many studies there has been evidence that domestic violence survivors support the practice of having physicians ask them privately about their abuse they have experienced. Screening for domestic violence typically begins with asking female patients about current or past experiences with physical or sexual abuse at the hands of their spouse, partner, or ex-spouse or ex-partner. National organizations such as the American Medical Association endorse routine domestic violence screening. Although screening has the potential to play an important role in successfully identifying and supporting victims, efforts to keep consistent screening by health care providers is often unsuccessful. Domestic violence is an issue that carries significant social stigma and has only recently been defined as a health care issue. Providers sometimes have a problem in their beliefs about domestic violence as a health care issue and screening as a health care practice. Providers may feel that screening is an invasion of patient privacy or that screening is unlikely to result in positive outcomes. Providers have indicated that they lack sufficient knowledge and skills to do routine screening. So if I would want to initiate help it would be with the medical community and community law enforcement, giving them the training to understand to help victims of violence. And I would definitely want to start with families, maybe in social services and in schools, in helping them to break the cycle of violence that has almost become mainstream America. Since this is a widespread epidemic all population should be made aware of this problem, it isn’t really a problem for just the poor or the rich. Reference: Rappaport, J. (1977). Community psychology: Values, research and action. New York, N. Y. : Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Revolutionary Era Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Revolutionary Era Paper - Essay Example Thirteen colonies in North America joined and broke free from the British Empire, merged, then became the United States of America. They deterred the rules and regulations of Great Britain Parliament that governed them from overseas with no representation. A number of ideas sparked this revolutionary era. During this period, the idea of liberty fueled Americans into actions that sparked revolution in their country2. What the eighteenth-century politicians and other people meant by liberty was, first, a wake up call for individual human rights. This idea was so radical because even the most enlightened and revised monarchs believed customarily that it was their task to keep an eye on what people wrote or believed. Liberals of this revolutionary era protested those particular controls that enslaved their conscious. According to Americans, liberty was of overriding importance to them since they believed it would be through liberty, they would get to choose and define the outcome of thei r censorship. They demanded freedom from arbitrary laws and judges who commonly and easily obeyed rules from the government that did not carry the rule of law to the letter. Their feelings towards freedom of worship with regard to their consciences acted as a morale booster towards revolution. This eventually led to freedom of worship amongst other things. ... However, many eighteenth century men were actually individuals of some kind. They generally shared with other men the belief that it was neither practical nor desirable for women to be their equals. Therefore, they curtailed their political rights. They could not vie for office or participate in the governing of the state. Again, liberals despised the belief that everyone should be equal economically. They based this on the belief that, not everyone could succeed equally in pursuit of acquiring property during American conquest for independence. Hence, great rift in terms of wealth or material possession and income generation between the rich and the poor was highly encouraged and perfectly acceptable by liberals. British administrators taxed Virginia citizens. In 1765, after North America restored peace, the British government decided to push via parliament the Stamp Act that sought to levy taxes on a longer list of legal documents and commercial articles like pamphlets, diplomas, a nd newspapers. Effort to end taxation started as Americans claimed taxation without representation was tyranny. This idea rose questions as to who should make laws for American people. Colonial experience formed people who felt that they were separate and distinct to their very own country. The taxation controversies made these feelings separation and distinctiveness more intense thus bringing them to the fore. These extreme attempts led to expanded governor’s power. As fighting spread and the colonialists moved slowly, East Virginia inhabitants developed ideas of being independent. They inevitably opened up towards open rebellion and boldly shown urge to declare their independence. Some American icons arranged civilized and

Putting sport in context Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Putting sport in context - Coursework Example ly, the planner has to take into consideration knowledge and understanding of the sport, have cognitive skills and generally approach coaching sessions from a professional perspective (Garland, Malcolm, & Rowe 2000). The second activity, actual coaching of children, is a physical activity. This is because coaching in today’s society demands the physical input and practical participation of the coach. Giving a player the instructions to conduct an activity for instance is not as effective as actually showing them what requires to be done. As such, the coach participates as much as the players in the activities scheduled for a coaching session. This fact can be explained through the transformation of the sports arena from the early 1900 when a swimming instructor, for instance, would guide a swimming session from the sidelines of a pool and would assist a troubled swimmer, without necessary getting into the water, with a long pole. In contrast, today’s swimming instructor is always in a swim suit ready to dive into the water should the need arise. In addition to this, swimming instructors get into the water themselves during training sessions, practically illustrating the body move ments necessary (Study Guide 2008). Football has become a household name in most regions of the world. To most people, it is considered a sport since they engage in it for leisure purposes. The physical activity carried out in football serves to improve the experience in the sport as well as enhance efficiency. The major difference between a sport and a physical activity is the competitiveness involved. Physical activities are also not governed by any regulations unlike sports (Stevens 2008). Football entails teamwork, a virtue that is of importance in life, competitiveness and physical activity. In addition, the game is governed by rules set by an international body, Federation of International Football Association, FIFA. According to UNICEF (2004), a sport must be regulated

Management- leadership in your orgnization Essay

Management- leadership in your orgnization - Essay Example This task is highly challenging given the kind of challenges that surface the sports field, players’ expectations and attitude, external factors including finances, competition from newer, tougher and innovative teams. This discussion explores all possibilities of finding a suitable leader for this esteemed and critical role. Of the numerous theories and research related to leadership, a few of them will be considered in the present context. Leadership classification based on behavioural aspects will be explored in order to identify what kind of behaviours can be most suitable for the role in question. In addition, contemporary leadership concepts will be explored considering various kinds of challenges contemporary management and competition bring along. Based on the knowledge gained from experience as well as theory and literature, most suitable traits that can be regarded as the best fit for leadership role in Manchester United can be deduced. It is said that leadership emerges from situations; an individual’s knowledge and expertise; his/her beliefs, passion and attitude. However, in the organisational aspect, leaders are usually formed based upon their role or position. These people in the leadership role are expected to deliver exactly as leaders ought to achieve the desired results. Therefore, identification of the right people to fit in this role who can achieve the desired results for the organisation becomes extremely important for the organisation. The leaders so chosen must possess right skills, attitude and qualities which will help the organisation to not only achieve results but also sustain its position for longer period in any given situation. Philosophy of management and literature accounts ‘leadership’ as one of the main factors contributing to the success and/or failure of an organisation. Leadership has been debated by many philosophers and management

Think like a biologist Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Think like a biologist - Case Study Example Primarily, we repose on failure of the statement that the human eye is a result of evolution coming from the analysis of eye components and their cooperation while working. In particular, â€Å"If you look at these [evolutionary] schemes, they often very abruptly add a lens or a cornea† (Than, 2010), while there is no such a process in the world when a part of an organism appears from nowhere and instantly connects with other parts in functioning. Probably, there must be a stronger argument than that one according to which there has been a simple sightless organism at the beginning that has transformed into the highest creature (a human being) with the eye almost universally adoptable for numerous needs of its owner. As for the claim of intelligent design of the human eye it sounds more argumentative. Although, there is no written proofs representing peculiarities of eye functioning or visual perception of people in different times since creation of Adam and Eve, today’s researches evidence that the human eye is unique in its general mechanisms, which parts are inseparable, for they all actively participate in sense of sight and removal of any of them leads to the critical reduction in

Discussion questions Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Discussion questions - Article Example few colored people on campus, their tendency is to forgo class divisions in favor of building friendships, companionship, and protection for themselves in a land or campus that they consider strange. Therefore, it is highly possible to disentangle race and class from one another due to the existence of segregation in a given social setting. I do not approve of the government promoting economic diversity in communities through deconcentration of poverty and mobility programs. While I agree that the government must support the desire of the lower financial bracket to advance themselves, advancing them into communities before they are actually ready to become a part of it has disastrous results. Just because the government subsidizes a group of individuals does not mean that the individuals are ready to be part of that community and can do their part. I make these claims based upon the results of the Gautreaux plaintiffs whose forced move to the suburbs resulted in a program that was small, finite, and slow to move families, relying on existing housing, voluntary landlord compliance, and the willingness and ability of individual black families to relocate to the suburbs. 1 While the government integration plans seem feasible on paper, it may work with disastrous results in real life. This then creates a chain reaction of negative effects upon the community the integration was supposed to

MMR Vaccination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MMR Vaccination - Essay Example For instance, upon opening a local or regional newspaper, one does not usually find non-sensational stories represented on the front page. Instead, issues regarding horrific crimes, corruption, abuse of power, and other issues are usually front and center for the individual to read and digest. By means of contrast in comparison, the way in which scholarly research is performed is a much more slow and methodical process. Essentially, an individual is required to utilize the scientific method and carefully/painstakingly review their findings prior to making these public in the form of a scholarly journal article publication. At which point, ongoing peer review has been performed and a more thorough level of analysis by other individuals within the scientific community can take place. As can relatively be seen, the differential with respect to the way in which scientific community operate in the way in which the knee operates is bound and measurable. Yet, regardless of these differentials, it can and should be noted that the vaccine debate which took place with respect to Wakefield’s article did not represent a level of due diligence; either on the part of the peer review process or with regard to the way in which the media snapped at the story and widely reported it. For instance, the media perform something of a knee-jerk reaction and reporting the study’s findings as if they were indisputable fact. Unfortunately, this not only occurred with respect to the United States press, it occurred throughout much of Europe as well. Whereas it is somewhat not surprising that the level of due diligence which was performed by the media fell short of what is needed, it does, as a surprise to the reader/analyst that the peer review process evident within the scholarly publication of the journal article that established this faux debate

Potential Market for Best Buy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Potential Market for Best Buy - Assignment Example According to the Central Intelligence Agency, Chile has an estimated population of 16,601,707, which ranks it 60th when compared to the other countries in the world (2009). Located along the Southwestern coast of South America, Chile has a total area of 756,102 sq km and shares common borders with Argentina, Bolivia and Peru (Central Intelligence Agency, 2009). The economic situation in Chile is promising, in part because Chile's government has developed policies which encourage the use of the country as an "investment platform" for multinational organizations wishing to operate in South America (Global Edge Chile, 2010). Chile also has a Foreign Investment Law which provides foreign investors with the same benefits as Chilean businesses. Registration is straightforward and foreign investors are able to repatriate their profits and capital through the official foreign exchange market (Global Edge Chile, 2010). Chile is characterized by a market economy therefore has a high level of foreign trade with export accounting for 40% of the GDP most which are commodities (http://www.theodora.com). It has a reputation for a strong financial institution and sound policy making it the strongest bond rating in South America (http://www.theodora.com). It has reco... It has recorded a total GDP of $240.3 billion in 2007, $248 billion in 2008 and $244.3 billion in 2009 (http://www.theodora.com). The decline is mostly attributed to the recession. These figures show a positive growth rate in 2008 but a negative one in 2009. To be specific, it is estimates that GDP grew by 3.2% in 2008, although less than the 4.7% growth in 2007 and a negative rate of -1.5% in 2009 (http://www.theodora.com). Other relevant figures are: unemployment rate increased from 7.75% in 2008 to 10% in 2009, inflation rate declined from 8.7% in 2008 to 1. 7% in 2009 and exchange rate of Chilean peso per dollar also weakened from 509.02 in 2008 to 569.37 in 2009 (http://www.theodora.com). Although the 2009 figures show signs of recession, the economy is expected to be on the course of exiting recession on a gradual basis (Antonio de la Jara). Chile's Stand on Trade and Foreign Direct Investment "Chile deepened its longstanding commitment to trade liberalization with the signing of a free trade agreement with the US, which took effect on 1 January 2004. Chile claims to have more bilateral or regional trade agreements than any other country" (http://www.theodora.com). Currently, Chile has signed 57 agreements (not all of them full free trade agreements), which includes that with the European Union, Mercosur, China, India, South Korea, and Mexico (http://www.theodora.com). "Over the past five years, foreign direct investment inflows have quadrupled to some $17 billion in 2008, but FDI dropped to about $7 billion in 2009 in the face of diminished investment throughout the world" (http://www.theodora.com). Chile is indeed a wonderful place to venture into investment as the government is

Problem Review Set Capital Structure and Leverage Essay Example for Free

Problem Review Set Capital Structure and Leverage Essay Managerial Finance Problem Review Set Capital Structure and Leverage If a firm utilizes debt financing, an X% decline in earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) will result in a decline in earnings per share that is larger than X. True b. False 2) Firm A has a higher degree of business risk than Firm B. Firm A can offset this by using less financial leverage. Therefore, the variability of both firms expected EBITs could actually be identical. 3) It is possible that two firms could have identical financial and operating leverage, yet ave different degrees of risk as measured by the variability of EPS. ) Which of the following events is likely to encourage a company to raise its target debt ratio, other things held constant? An increase in the corporate tax rate. An increase in the personal tax rate. An increase in the companys operating leverage. d. The Federal Reserve tightens interest rates in an effort to fight inflation. e. The companys stock price hits a new high. 5) The firms target capital structure should be consistent with which of the following statements? Maximize the earnings per share (EPS). Minimize the cost of debt (rd). Obtain the highest possible bond rating. Minimize the cost of equity (rs). Minimize the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). 6) Which of the following statements isAs a firm increases the operating leverage used to produce a given quantity of output, this will normally lead to an increase in its fixed assets turnover ratio. b. normally lead toa decrease in its business risk. normally lead to a decrease in the standard deviation of its expected EBIT. d. ormally lead to a decrease in the variability of its expected EPS. e. ormally lead to a reduction in its fixed assets turnover ratio. 7) Reynolds Resorts is currently 100% equity financed. The CFO is considering a recapitalization plan under which the firm would issue long-term debt with a yield of 9% and use the proceeds to repurchase common stock. The recapitalization would not change the companys total assets, nor would it affect the firms basic earning power, which is currently 15%. The CFO believes that this recapitalization w ould ikely to occur if the company goes ahead with the recapitalization plan?

Black People and Perfect Shape Essay Example for Free

Black People and Perfect Shape Essay In the short stories of â€Å"Why Looks Are the Last Bastion of Discrimination† and â€Å"The â€Å"Black Table† Is Still There† there are many differences from both stories. Both stories talk about the different sizes, shapes, color, and how people are being racist. The first story â€Å"Why Looks Are the Last Bastion of Discrimination. † They first talked about how in the 1994 in Texas they did not want an obese lady to be a bus driver because of how big she looked. The company doctor stated that she was not up to the task because he said she was â€Å"waddling down the hall† (Rhode). All though he did not even perform any agility test on her to even see if she would be able to evacuate the bus in case of any emergency and get the kids off the bus in time. That was similar to the second story whereas in 1995 he was surprised when he walked into the cafeteria and noticed that they had a â€Å"black† table. He thought after this long that he would never run into something like that again. He never understood the â€Å"black† table â€Å"what did it mean? † (Rhodes) He never took the chance to sit there because he always thought if he would sit there that would be making a statement of â€Å"I was afraid that by sitting at the table I’d lose all my white friends† (Rhodes). They were discriminating against the â€Å"black† men because he would not sit at the â€Å"black table† as what they would call it. This man just refused to be labeled and would not sit at this table and he would always into the cafeteria with â€Å"white† people. Segregated was something that he never understood as a kid and he was very shocked when he went into the junior high after twenty-seven years to still see that there was a black table. In the first story they had a case in 2006 in New, Jersey where a cocktail waitress had gained some weight. They never thought anything about it just that she was getting fat and that was not a good look for their waitresses. In the contract it even stated to keep ‘an hourglass figure† that was â€Å"height and weight appropriate† (Rhodes). When she went to order a larger shirt they denied her because they said their waitresses do not go up on size unless they have had breast implants. They unfairly discriminated this young lady because she was not â€Å"the perfect shape and size†. Actually what is the perfect shape and size in society? Is anybody really the â€Å"perfect† size or is everybody their own shape. In the second story they were very racist because nobody cared to segregate and change how everybody sat in the cafeteria. Everybody always assumed that he should sit at the â€Å"black† table but he refused to sit there. Graham always wondered why they would all segregate themselves like that but he noticed when he went back to the junior high twenty-seven years later he noticed that now it was not just the blacks that were segregated; the athletes, Italian, kids that were into heavy medal and smoked pot also all had their table that they called their own. In the first story they also discriminated in 2001 to Jennifer Portnick when they denied he of being an aerobics instructor because her â€Å"image† did not look like she was fit since she weighed 240 pounds. Come to find out Jessica was very fit and toned â€Å"she would work out six days a week, taught back-to-back classes, and had no shortage of willing students† (Rhodes). It is really sad that this has gotten a lot worse since 2001. People do not get the chance at certain because they are overweight or because of their appearance. In this time we should not be having the entire discrimination because of size, shape, or even race. According to the first story we still have a lot of these things going on and with Rhode he was shocked that he still saw the â€Å"black† table in the junior high twenty-seven years later. Why would people separate themselves? That is a question that will never have an answer because it is something that is still going on in this day. If discrimination was taught to us to be so wrong why would we want to keep this going? Should this not be a cycle that we want to stop and teach our kids something different about this? Discrimination will probably be something that we deal with forever even though it is not good.

Synthesis of API’s and API’s based Derivative

Synthesis of API’s and API’s based Derivative Title of Proposed Project: Efficient synthesis of API’s and API’s based Derivative for their Structure Activity Relationship and Pharmacokinetics Profile Project Details Project Summary This project concern with the establishment of organic synthesis facilities in Department of Chemistry, UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI. The established facilities will be used for the training of BS/M.Sc./MS/M.Phil. And Ph.D. scholars in the field of Organic Synthesis. In this project we will focus on the establishment of synthetic organic laboratory, the synthesis of the two API’s (Secnidazole Atenolol). We are requiring the following basic facilities which we want to establish by this research project. Facilities required for: Organic Synthesis Fuming HOODs for save, non-hazardous and smooth working at the moment. Inert atmosphere working conditions since many organic reactions requires inert condition. Safety equipment’s i.e. firefighting equipment’s, washing shower in case of chemical accident and first aid facilities. (UPS) as regular power breakdown results in the unsuccessful reactions and causing faults in the electronic instruments. UV lamp as processing of many reaction monitor under UV light. Rotary evaporator Partial availability of glass wares. MAS-II Microwave workstation for repaid synthesis of APIs. Proposed Goals / Objectives Hypothesis / Basis of research The purpose of this project is to setup a laboratory which can design (Organic Synthesis) and synthesize (Organic Synthesis) the APIs for the local Pharmaceutical industry along with the establishment of the required facilities. The following APIs will be synthesized. ATENOLOL Efficient Synthesis of Atenolol. Synthesis of Atenolol based derivatives for Structure-Activity Relationship Studies (SARS) and their pharmacokinetics profile SECNIDAZOLE Efficient Synthesis of Secnidazole Synthesis of Secnidazole based derivatives for Structure-Activity Relationship Studies (SARS) and their pharmacokinetics profile Goals / Objectives Boost up economy of Pakistan Synthetic solution for local industry. Provide sufficient amount of these drugs to common people. INTRODUCTION API stands for active pharmaceutical ingredients and its covers a lot of pharmaceutically active compounds which has great importance in industry as well as to common people as the insufficiency of these drugs causes hundreds of death. Due to the importance of API we decided to work with the synthesis of API as it will create the impact of API research on national level. The synthesis of API could decrease the import bill of such active ingredient in Pakistan and also opens the opportunity of job. This project could provide a platform to save the foreign currency reserves and supply sufficient amount of drugs to common people at low cost. Ours Efforts will be enabling to purpose the more efficient synthesis of complex molecules. In this project we have design the synthesis of the following APIs ATENOLOL Efficient Synthesis of Atenolol. Synthesis of Atenolol based derivatives for Structure-Activity Relationship Studies (SARS) and their pharmacokinetics profile SECNIDAZOLE Efficient Synthesis of Secnidazole Synthesis of Secnidazole based derivatives for Structure-Activity Relationship Studies (SARS) and their pharmacokinetics profile 4a) Background of the Research Problems to be addressed Secnidazole (Part: A) Efficient Synthesis of Secnidazole Secnidazole is a molecule which belongs to the class of 5-nitroimidazole and it is considerably more effective than other imidazole drugs. It is the important API required for the local industry. However it has been used for the treatment of amoebiasis, giardiasis, urogenital trichomoniasis and nonspecific bacterial vaginosis and also a gel formulation of secnidazole was developed for the treatment of periodontitis. . All nitroimidazoles are synthetic drugs such as metronidazole. Tinidazole, dimetridazole, secnidazole and ornidazole. Among all these we selected secnidazole because of its High efficacy. Secinidazole is the mainly use for antiprotozoal activity and its single dose possess three days anti protozoal activity. Figure 1: Chemical Structure IUPAC Name:1-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl) propan-2-ol Figure 2: Proposed Two-Step Synthesis route for Secnidazole After observing the reaction condition and UV-Vis absorption, FTIR, ESI-MS and NMR results. The purposed scheme will be optimized. Synthesis of Secnidazole based derivatives for Structure-Activity Relationship Studies (SARS) and their pharmacokinetics profile Pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of existing drugs can be enhanced by chemical modifications. A prodrug (drug transporter) formation is a great approach to improve and modify the physio chemical properties of the drug, boost up its concentration at the site of action, extend its period of action and decrease its toxicity. Regarding 5–7% of drugs approved worldwide are categorized as prodrug. Prodrugs are the reversible, inactive or less active derivatives of a drug. Prodrugs are hydrolyzed either by enzymatically or non-enzymatically to discharge parent drug while the co-drugs (mutual prodrug) are the special type of prodrug in which two or more pharmacologically active pro moieties exist via chemical bond to release two or more parent drugs upon the cleavage of bond by enzymatically or chemically. The variety of chemical linkages used in the formation of Prodrugs. Although the ester formation is common followed by imides, amide and carbamate derivative. Thatâ₠¬â„¢s why in this project our aim is to synthesize the prodrug for its better mode of action and their structure activity relationship and their pharmacokinetics profile. ATENOLOL (Part: B) Efficient Synthesis of Atenolol Atenolol (ATN) belongs to the class of drug called beta-blockers. Beta-blockers (beta adrenoreceptor antagonists) are basically competitive inhibitor that’s inhibits the action of stimulating hormones on beta adrenergic receptors in the nervous system. Atenolol works by competing for receptors sites on cardiac muscle. This slow down the strength of heart‘s contractions and reduce its oxygen requirements and the volume of blood it has to pump. Atenolol is one of the extensive used active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) for the treatment of Hypertension, myocardial infarction (Heart attack), Arrhythmias (rhythms disorder), Angina (chest pain) and disorder arising from decreased circulation of blood. Figure 1: Chemical Structure IUPAC Name:2-[4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino) propoxy] phenyl] acetamide Figure 2: Proposed Two-Step Synthesis route for Atenolol The stereochemistry is important for any molecules. In atenolol (S) isomer is important for its activity the opposite (R) enantiomer may be responsible for the side effects. There have been considerable efforts done in the preparation of enantiomerically pure(S) confirmation Synthesis of Atenolol based derivatives for Structure-Activity Relationship Studies (SARS) and their pharmacokinetics profile On the basis of the importance of prodrug (mention above part) our aim is to synthesize the prodrug for its better mode of action and their structure activity relationship and their pharmacokinetics profile. 4B.RESEARCH PLAN/ METHODOLOGY: SCHEDULE/PHASING Establishment of Organic Synthesis Facilities: In the starting 1st months of this project all the basic and reaction requirement apparatus and glassware will be installing. Efficient Synthesis of SECNIDAZOLE: After initialization, the starting 3 months will be utilized on the proposed and modified efficient synthesis of Secnidazole to get the maximum yield of required API at minimum cost. Synthesis of SECNIDAZOLE based derivatives for SARS: In the 5th and 6th month modification on the molecule of Secnidazole will be applied and study their pharmacokinetics profile Synthesis of ATENOLOL: In the period of 7th to 9th month of the project efficient synthesis of atenolol will be done Synthesis of ATENOLOL based derivatives for SARS: In the period of 10th to 11th month of the project timeline, derivatization of atenolol will be carried out and studied their pharmacokinetics profile Summarize results and expand to new project: At the end month of this project timeline a final project report will be submitted along with findings. Also discuss the achievements and problems faced during this project. 4c) References Secnidazole (Part: A) Larina, Lyudmila, and Valentin Lopyrev.Nitroazoles: synthesis, structure and applications. New York: Springer, 2009. Crozet, Maxime D., Cà ©line Botta, Monique Gasquet, Christophe Curti, Vincent Rà ©musat, Sà ©bastien Hutter, Olivier Chapelle, Nadine Azas, Michel De Mà ©o, and Patrice Vanelle. Lowering of 5-nitroimidazoles mutagenicity: towards optimal antiparasitic pharmacophore.European journal of medicinal chemistry44, no. 2 (2009): 653-659 Wang, She-Feng, Yong Yin, Fang Qiao, Xun Wu, Shao Sha, Li Zhang, and Hai-Liang Zhu. Synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation of metronidazole derivatives containing piperazine skeleton as potential antibacterial agents.Bioorganic medicinal chemistry22, no. 8 (2014): 2409-2415. Samanta, Himadri Sekhar, and Samit Kumar Ray. Controlled release of tinidazole and theophylline from chitosan based composite hydrogels.Carbohydrate polymers106 (2014): 109-120. Elias, P. cureforneedy.com 2009, 1-11. Shahid, Hafiz Abdullah, Ejaz Hussain, Sajid Jahangir, and Sammer Yousuf. 1-(2-Methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl) propan-2-yl acetate.Acta Crystallographica Section E: Structure Reports Online70, no. 3 (2014): o294-o294. Atenolol (Part: B) Chaudhari, Vilas, Syed Hussain, and Milind Ubale. International Journal of Chemical Studies. Kitaori, Kazuhiro, Yoshikazu TAKEHIRA, Yoshiro FURUKAWA, Hiroshi YOSHIMOTO, and Junzo OTERA. A practical synthesis of optically active atenolol from chiral epichlorohydrin.Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin45, no. 2 (1997): 412-414. Darnle, Subhash V., Prashant N. Patil, and Manikrao M. Salunkhe. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of (R)-and (S)-atenolol and propranolol employing lipase catalyzed enantioselective esterification and hydrolysis.Synthetic communications29, no. 22 (1999): 3855-3862 IMPACT OF PROPOSED RESEARCH The impact of this project will boost up the economy of Pakistan and will decrease the import bill of Pakistan and also increases the exportation. The project also aims to train the man power and create the skillful hand that can provide the better solution to our local industry. This project also creates the networking between the local industry and researcher. This project also contributes in the providing of the medicine to common people at minimum cost. Estimated Budget For The Proposed Research Period: DESCRIPTION PER YEAR Amount (in million Rs) A. Salaries and Honorarium PI: One Month/Year of Basic Pay @ 104000 0.104 (208000) Student Ships @ 20,000.00 per month (two) 480000 0.48 (480000) Secretariat Staff Part-time Lab Attendant @ 1500 PM 18000 0.018 (18000) Subtotal: (A) 602000 0.602 (602000) B. Permanent Equipment General purpose fume hood @ Pkr 150,000/= (two) 300000 0.600 (600000) The rotary evaporator  ® r 3 focuses and accessories @ Pkr 1500000 1500000 1.500 (1500000) Jacketed reaction apparatus @ Pkr 169650/= (one) 169650 0.1695 (169650) Glassware, hotplates, stirrer, etc. 250000 0.250 (250000) Laptop (dell core 2i) 50000 0.050 (50000) General lab update i.e. Ups and power supply solutions 250000 0.250 (250000) Mas II: microwave synthesis system @ $8000/= (one) 800000 0.800 (800000) Subtotal: (B) 3319650 3.319650 (3319650) C. Expendable Supplies Chemicals and solvents 300000 0.300 (300000) General lab expenditures 100000 0.100 (100000) Spectroscopy techniques 250000 0.250 (250000) Subtotal: (C) 650000 0.65 (650000) D. Others (Literature, documentation, information, online literature search, contingencies, postage, Local Travel Miscellaneous etc). Journal Publication Fee / Online Material (up to Rs.50,000) 50000 0.050 (50000) Stationary/Contingency (10,000/- per year) 10000 0.010 (10000) Participation in local conferences, workshops and winter summer schools by PI and students 10000 0.010 (10000) Audit Fee (Max. Rs 10,000) 10000 0.010 (10000) Accountant Fee (Max. Rs. 10,000) 10000 0.010 (10000) Subtotal: (D) 90000 0.090 (90000) Grand Total (A + B + C + D): 4661650 4.661650 (4661650) JUSTIFICATION Salaries Allowances Two Studentships @ 20,000.00 per month (PM): It is very necessary that at least two full time studentships available to students so that students can perform their work with piece of mind so that they have no need to sort part time jobs to meet their day to day expense Part-time Lab Attendant @ 1500 PM: During period of project operations different kind of tasks are assigned to Lab Attendant in addition to their normal job responsibilities. Therefore it is justified to compensate their work with an honorarium. Permanent Equipment: The Rotary Evaporator and accessories (one): Many organic reactions are in liquid phase and require much more time to evaporate on room temperature that’s why to save time and fast reaction process need rotary evaporator. General Purpose Fume Hood: As many organic reaction, chemicals and solvents are hazardous to human health. For safety and precautionary step need two fuming hoods Jacketed Reaction Apparatus: It is the temperature control apparatus. As many reaction are temperature dependent and monitor through varying temperature. to make reaction efficient we need jacketed reaction apparatus Glassware, Hotplates, Stirrer, refwork etc: These are the basics requirement for organic synthesis as well as we have shortage of these basics needs that’s why we need these General lab updates i.e. UPS and Power Supply solutions: Regular breakdown of power supply has resulted in the failure of organic reactions as well as damage of electronic appliances. Therefore a need to establish backup of power supply. Expendable supplies Chemicals and solvents: These play key role in all reaction either organic or inorganic and no one can performed reaction without this so these funding are fully justified General Lab Expenditures: these are the basic need for researcher to meet day to day expenses Participation in local conferences, workshops and winter/summer schools by PI and students: These funding are required to communicate our work on national and international level. Also learn gain information from their experience

The Power of Fear in Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Macbeth     Ã‚  The Tremendous Power of Fear Fear motivates us to do many things, whether they are right or wrong.   In the play Macbeth, fear was the main motivation that influenced the outcome of the play. This can be proved by the subsequent murders after Duncan's. Why were these committed? Macbeth was scared of being caught and having to pay for the wrongs he had done.   Also, look at Lady Macbeth. The constant washing of her hands, sleepwalking, and other behavior like this is done out of fear. It resembles her husband fear of being caught.   The final piece of proof is Macbeth's actions. They were all due to fear, not only of being caught but of the witches' prophecies. He was scared of them coming true and tried to stop them from happening.   This whole play was inspired by fear and what it can do to a person.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A good first example of this principle can be illustrated by the subsequent murders that Macbeth committed after he killed Duncan. Macbeth had just killed the King of Scotland and blamed it on his son.   It worked, and he became King. However, he remembered the witches' prophecies.   They claimed that Macbeth would be King, but it would be Banquo's children that would follow after him.   This made Macbeth very angry, and he risked everything to become King. Unfortunately, his family would never wear the crown after his death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Only for them; and mine eternal jewel   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Given to the common enemy of man,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To make them kings, the seeds of Banquo kings!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Act III, S I, L 72-75]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Here, Macbeth realizes that if something is not done to Banquo, his sons will become Kings.   Macbeth can not have this. He had already worried that his soul will go to hell for what he had done. His fear become evident in this scene also, "But to be safely thus: our fears in Banquo Stick deep;" [Act III, S I, L 53-54] Macbeth has Banquo murdered,   And Banquo’s son Fleance manages to escape from the attack.   Next, Macduff refuses to accept Macbeth as king and flees to England to join Malcom. The witches tell him to beware of Macduff, which angers Macbeth and drives him to kill Macduff's family. The fear of losing the impending battle with England makes Macbeth begin doing anything that will give him an edge in the final battle. The Power of Fear in Shakespeare's Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework Macbeth     Ã‚  The Tremendous Power of Fear Fear motivates us to do many things, whether they are right or wrong.   In the play Macbeth, fear was the main motivation that influenced the outcome of the play. This can be proved by the subsequent murders after Duncan's. Why were these committed? Macbeth was scared of being caught and having to pay for the wrongs he had done.   Also, look at Lady Macbeth. The constant washing of her hands, sleepwalking, and other behavior like this is done out of fear. It resembles her husband fear of being caught.   The final piece of proof is Macbeth's actions. They were all due to fear, not only of being caught but of the witches' prophecies. He was scared of them coming true and tried to stop them from happening.   This whole play was inspired by fear and what it can do to a person.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A good first example of this principle can be illustrated by the subsequent murders that Macbeth committed after he killed Duncan. Macbeth had just killed the King of Scotland and blamed it on his son.   It worked, and he became King. However, he remembered the witches' prophecies.   They claimed that Macbeth would be King, but it would be Banquo's children that would follow after him.   This made Macbeth very angry, and he risked everything to become King. Unfortunately, his family would never wear the crown after his death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Only for them; and mine eternal jewel   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Given to the common enemy of man,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To make them kings, the seeds of Banquo kings!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Act III, S I, L 72-75]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Here, Macbeth realizes that if something is not done to Banquo, his sons will become Kings.   Macbeth can not have this. He had already worried that his soul will go to hell for what he had done. His fear become evident in this scene also, "But to be safely thus: our fears in Banquo Stick deep;" [Act III, S I, L 53-54] Macbeth has Banquo murdered,   And Banquo’s son Fleance manages to escape from the attack.   Next, Macduff refuses to accept Macbeth as king and flees to England to join Malcom. The witches tell him to beware of Macduff, which angers Macbeth and drives him to kill Macduff's family. The fear of losing the impending battle with England makes Macbeth begin doing anything that will give him an edge in the final battle.

Analyzing the Marketing of Rehabilitation Goods & Services and The Dis

The Marketing of Rehabilitative Goods and Services by Gary L. Albrecht was written with the intention of giving its reader a better understanding of who has the most to gain in the business of rehabilitative services. One position states that the institutions benefit most, while others feel it is the consumer who has the most to gain. The main controversy discussed in this article is the usage of marketing strategies for rehabilitative health care institutions to increase sales and raise profit margins on service that was once provided pro bono. Another concern is with the amount of new equipment and ever changing standards of rehabilitation. Are consumers well enough informed or educated into making the proper decisions as to what care they need? Also, how do the poor, elderly, disenfranchised, and those who cannot afford healthcare receive treatment? Are patients receiving the best possible care for their ailments; or are they being exploited? These are the dilemmas on the issue o f rehabilitative goods and services. The Disability Wars by Timothy Kenney describes the nightmare of becoming physically disabled to the point where one can no longer work and care for their family. It also talks about the hardships of and problems brought about through the use of medical benefits and collection of social security. Both articles will now be analyzed more closely and possible resolutions to each of these issues, marketing of rehabilitation goods and services, and the disability wars will be discussed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main issue with the marketing of rehabilitative goods and services deals with, the new wave of marketing strategies and promotional ideas implemented to increase sales and profits of the health care institutions. This rehabilitative service, which was once provided to those in need pro bono, is now recognized as a commodity. Due to the increase in the elderly population and the popularity of sport, there are more people with disabilities than ever before. Thus an influx in the supply and demand has been created and the market for rehabilitative services exists. With more patients than the normal health care provider can care for, new institutions are being erected all across America with their sole purpose in rehabilitating the disabled. One such facility is the Rush-Presbyterian St. Luke’s Medical Center in Chicago. This medical ce... ...y.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The moral and ethical questions that are raised in this article have to deal with insurance companies and social security alike having the ability to deny claims as they please, leaving people with serious medical conditions out there with no support when they need it the most. Another big controversy with social security is the fact that people pay into it for so many years and when it comes time for social security to pay back, they just deny the claim and send you back to work. But once the ill person returns to work the social security payments are immediately deducted from their checks again. A possible solution for this problem is to have the CDC and FDA get together and make a list of acceptable diseases and syndromes that will be covered by social security and then provide assistance to everyone who falls into the acceptable categories. It is understandable that the insurance companies are in business to make money, however the Social Security Administrati on should not. They should be required to pay back out to those who have paid in. Some legislation should also be passed as to how insurance companies can disseminate amongst valid claims.

Analysis of She Walks in Beauty by Lord Byron Essay -- Poem Poetry Lor

Analysis of She Walks in Beauty by Lord Byron She Walks in Beauty is a poem in which the author speaks of the physical beauty of a woman; a female who the author encountered. This encounter lead him to visualize a great distinct physical image of her so he began to speak of this phenomenal attractiveness. A special quality in her was being able to be identified with the heaven. Beautiful like the stars and clearly visible as a cloudless night. The poem ?She Walks in Beauty? came by as an inspiration to the author. This occurred at an event attended by the author where he meet his cousin which is the woman the author speaks about in the poem. The author lord Byron wrote this poem which is found in the Hebrew Melodies. This publication is found with many other lyrics completed in 1815. The poem speaks through the usage of imagery. The poem is highly rhythmic with meaningful tones. Essentially the female in this poem is evaluated in terms of the physical world. For example, the author does not provide a detailed appearance of the woman. She is instead shown responding to the world around her. George Gordon was born in London in 1788. Gordon was the son of Captain John ?Mad Jack? Byron and his second wife, Catherine Gordon, a Scots heiress. The next ten years were difficult for George. One of the reasons was because of his clubfoot. The second reason was because of his mother displaced resentment against his father onto him, and George Gordon had later been tended by a Calvinist nurse whom awakened his sexuality. In 1798 his great-uncle the fifth Baron Byron, died childless, and just after his tenth birthday Byron inherited his title. In 1801 Byron was sent to school at Harrow; in the same year he ... ...imself. The rhyme scheme shows a different pattern on each stanza; and its meter shows a consistent beat on each line. The tone perceived in Byron?s poem is of romanticism inspired by the woman?s beauty; and its theme is of the immediate impression of a man towards a beautiful lady. There are also many poetic devices like alliteration , simile and internal rhyme shown throughout the poem. Thus making of this poem a delight to the mind, and an enjoyable literary masterpiece. Bibliography: Robert Di Yanni, Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and the Essay (Boston, Massachusetts: Mc Graw Hill, 1998). The Penguin Group. ?World of Classics.? The Longman Anthology of British Literature. 24, Sep. 2000 . ?Poetry Series Supplement.? Masterplots II, Vol. 9 (Pasadena, California: Salem Press, 1998).

Biggest Impact on Todays Society: Religion Essay

Religion has played a role in peoples life’s ever since ancient times. Whether it be God, Allah, Zeus etc. Even those who do not believe or practice a certain are affected by it in one way or another. Among all religions I believe that the creation of Christianity has had the largest impact on modern day society. The three main reasons I believe that this has such a great impact is because peoples everyday life and culture is defined by Christianity, it can play a role in eduction and school and there is always disputes between Christians and other religions. Contrary to popular belief that the birth of Jesus Christ was the the birth of Christianity it was actually the death of Jesus was the birth of Christianity. After the resurrection of Jesus his apostles began the Christian movement and established Christian communities throughout Asia Minor and along the shores of the Aegean Sea. Jesus brought with him the â€Å"revised† version of the bible, the New Testament. The ten commandments began to make Christians to try live a holy live and steer clear of sin as much as possible. Current day practicing Christians such as Seventh day Adventists have days of worship on a weekly basis Seventh Day Adventists are just one of the many branches of Christianity that encourage a certain lifestyle. Practicing Seventh Day Adventists lives their everyday lives based on their interpretations of the bible. Communities that are largely populated by Seventh Day Adventists are mostly vegetarian . It is very common to see whole foods and vegan markets in these ares. The believe in living a healthy life and encourage being vegetarians because they believe in following the â€Å"original diet plan,† that was given when Adam and Eve were excluded from the garden of Eden. This can be seen in Genesis, â€Å"and you will eat the plants of the field† {Genesis 3:18}. Seventh Day Adventists are allowed to eat red meat such as beef since it is not restricted unlike pork. Diet restrictions can be seen in Leviticus. Some of these restriction include pork and shellfish. Many offices and schools that are Seventh Day Adventists close early on Fridays to prepare for Sabbath. The observe the seventh day of the week, Saturday as a holy day. Sabbath is observed from sunset on Friday to sunset on Saturday. Sabbath is a day of rest and only necessary work must. This practice derives from the creation story, it is said that God created the Earth in six days and rested on the seventh. Practicing Christians are non-Christians alike are affect by Christianity in one way or another. Since ancient times people have been fighting over religion. Many wars over religion involve disputes between Muslims, pagans etc. s. Christianity. Unfortunately lots of blood has been shed due to religions disputes. These disputes do not always involve bloodshed. Often times people get into heated arguments over religion. For this reason people often try to avoid even discussing matters of religion. I believe that the creation of Christianity has played the biggest impact in modern day society. It plays a role in people lives whether they are Christians or not. Without the creation of Christianity history would have not been the same.

History development of accounting principles

Callahan-Babylonian, Assyrian and Sumerian civilizations the producers of the first organized government in the world, and some f the oldest written languages and the oldest surviving business records; the Egyptian civilization – where scribes formed the pivots on which the whole machinery of the treasury and other departments turned; the Chinese civilization – with government accounting playing a key and sophisticated role of the great estate of Apollonian Introduced an elaborate system of responsibility accounting In 256 BC; and the Roman civilization – with laws requiring taxpayers to prepare statements of their balancing positions and with civil rights depending on the level of property declared by the citizens. The presence of these forms of bookkeeping In the ancient world has been attributed to various factors, including the invention of writing, the introduction of Arabic numerals and of the decimal system, the diffusion of knowledge of algebra, the prese nce of inexpensive writing material, the rise of literacy, and the existence of a standard of medium of exchange. The Development of Accounting Principles Various groups in the united States of America (USA), Australia and elsewhere, implementing a mix of approaches, have subjected accounting theory and principles to a constant re-examination and critical analysis.In order to simplify the discussion, four phases of this process may be identified. In the first phase (1900-33), management had complete control over the selection of financial Information disclosed in annual reports; in the second phase (1933-59) and third phase (1959-731 the professional bodies played a significant role in developing principles; and in the fourth phase, which continues to the present, it has become increasingly noticeable that standard-setting bodies such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FAST) in the USA and the Australian Accounting Standards Board in Australia (SAAB) ND various pressure gr oups are moving towards a plasticization of accounting.Management Contribution Phase (1900-33) The influence of management in the formulation of accounting principles arose from the increasing number of shareholders and the dominant economic role played by industrial corporations after 1900. The diffusion of share ownership gave management complete control over the format and content of accounting of ad hoc solutions to urgent problems and controversies. The situation generated dissatisfaction during the asses. Two Americans, William Z. Ripley and J. M. B. Huxley, ere particularly outspoken in arguing for an improvement in standards of financial reporting. Similarly, Adolph A. Berne and Gardener C. Means pointed to corporate wealth and the power of industrial corporations and called for the protection of investors.In the United States, the main players of the time were a professional association of accountants, the American Institute of Accountant (AI), which in 1917 established a B oard of Examiners to create a uniform certified practicing accountant (CPA) examination, and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), which from 1900 required all reparations applying for listing to agree to publish annual financial statements. A theoretical and a controversial debate of the period was the question of accounting for interest costs. The Abs's Discussion Memorandum on Accounting for Interest Costs traces the background of the interest as a cost controversy. Another important event of the era was the growing effect, on accounting theory, of taxation of business income.

Bad Drivers Are Everywhere

Traffic accidents are as ordinary as anyone’s bacon and egg in their breakfast meals. They are as common as snow in Alaska and as desert in the Middle East. Highway accidents no more shock nor scare anyone for driving. No, not even the ones who have been victims themselves. In a study made by Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin conducted in 2004 to 2005, the researchers found that there were about 90 percent of the respondents have relatives who have experienced car crash. What seems intriguing here is that fact that 56 percent of the respondents never changed their bad driving habits.Staying behind the wheel is not what is risky about driving: the risk lies on the driver. The risk of traffic accidents is not measured by the driver’s age, expertise and knowledge; neither does it depends on the model of the car being driven but rather on the driver’s driving habits. Anyone who wants to know how common bad drivers are? Let anyone list the habits of a good driver and the bad driver as well and you will see that it is easier to list bad driving habits than the good ones.The Wisconsin Department of Transportation reported an about 800 fatalities due to motor vehicle traffic crashes (C. Sadler). Of this figure, 42 percent were alcohol-related, 33 percent is speed-related and 19 percent was attributed to the influence of both. IN a separate study made by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in 2005, motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for 15-20 year olds. The list of the causes of these accidents is quite long and all of the items are bad driving habits.It ranges from not wearing seatbelts, eating and drinking while driving, answering calls and even texting. The list goes on with tailgating and over speeding to the weird habit of applying make up while driving. So what directly causes the accidents is the driver’s inattention. â€Å"Driver inattention is the most prevalent cause of collisions†, reported the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The same study also revealed the top five bad driving habits that they have done in the last thirty days.Seventy nine percent had the habit of changing the radio station or CD and 61 % did exceed the speed limit as well as driving without both hands in the steering wheel. Fifty one percent honestly admitted answering calls and 45% were eating while driving. Bad driving habits make a bad driver. If traffic accidents statistics are to be the basis, I can say that we really have too many bad drivers on the road. â€Å"People can often assume they are better drivers than they actually are† (M. German). The main point here is that drivers often place a high regard on their driving abilities and skills.They often put too much confidence on their driving that they tend to forget that they are on the road and not simply sitting on their couches at home. So what am I driving at? I mean what am I trying to point out here? Dr iving is not all about skills, abilities and experience; it is about discipline. If every driver just conforms to traffic rules and regulations, there will be lesser road accidents. If every driver just brings a dose of patience on their way, then there should have been lesser vehicle collisions caused by drivers who wanted to own the highways.If parents and elders just teach and show their children the right driving attitude, there should have been much less of the teens that represent 14% of the driving fatalities (AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety). There should not have been about 31,000 of them, aging from 15 to 17 years old who were killed in crashes (AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, 1995 to 2004). Elders should do less of the driving habits like talking on the phone, listening to music, eating and speeding in order to shape the younger generation into disciplined drivers. The law must make sure that the road is close for bad drivers.

The Bean Trees

In the book The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver, there is a young girl named Taylor who did not want to be like the typical girls from Kentucky. She wanted to go and get out of the small town. She got in her old beat up car and traveled throughout the United States, until she landed in Arizona. When she was there she not only had to deal with herself, but she now had a little girl who she named Turtle. This was not her daughter; instead someone she barely knew handed her off to Taylor. Turtle was not your average toddler, she was what some people call retarded or slow, but Taylor did not even notice that, all she saw was a little girl in need of help. Even though Taylor could not give Turtle a life of riches, she knew she could at least do better than before. Throughout the rest of the book Taylor experiences many events that portray evil. â€Å"Turtle's main goal in life, other than hanging on to things, seemed to be to pass unnoticed† (81). Turtle was a mentally slow child. When she was given to Taylor the woman said that her mother had died and that the little girl had no home. Taylor was just being a good person and taking Turtle, so that she could live in a better place. Once she had Turtle she took her back to the hotel and gave her a bath. When she did she realized that the black and blue marks on her body was not just dirt, but bruises. Taylor had grown up in a loving house with a loving mother who taught her the necessities of life. Seeing Turtle and beat up and scared broke Taylor’s heart. There was a cactus with bushy arms and a coat of yellow spines as thick as fur. A bird had built her nest in it. In and out she flew among the horrible spiny branches, never once hesitating. You just couldn't imagine how she'd made a home in there† (130). Which makes Turtle’s new life, not glamorous, but a lot better than it could have been. Turtle was not the only person in Taylor’s life. There were two immigrants that were friends of hers they were Esperanza and Esteven. She knew that they were in the country illegally, but Taylor did not care. They were nice people who had been tortured in their life as well. The government had been trying to get them and everyone seemed to be very rude to them. â€Å"You can go and visit heaven. What? You see a room just like the first one, the same table, the same pot of stew, the same spoons as long as a sponge mop. But these people are all happy and fat† (113). Esteven meant that there is people will help you in heaven, but no one will help you in hell. He was influencing that he was in hell because someone had kidnapped his very own kid, and the government is out to get rid of them. This shows how their whole life they have been trying to run away from evil. Turtle was a very unlucky and lucky girl. She was unlucky in the sense that she had been abused and almost lost and kidnapped. She was in the park one day playing with Lou Ann’s child, when this scary man came up and was going to take her. Her babysitter put up her cane and scared the man away. Turtle did not just forget about it though. She went on not talking to anyone about anything, even Taylor. Taylor had always been very strong when hard or scary situations came upon them. In this case she was not, she was going crazy worried that Turtle would never talk again. She also started feeling sorry for herself, like she wasn’t good enough to be a mother to Turtle. She soon came to realize that she was the best life that Turtle could have right now. Eventually Turtle talked again but it she felt most comfortable with Taylor. Throughout this book there were many bad experiences that happened to Taylor. She found a sad little girl that was abandoned and bruised, friends that were in trouble with the government, and a new daughter that was almost kidnapped. Even throughout all of those hard times Taylor managed to not â€Å"freak out† she always looked at life in the positive eye. Taylor is a strong woman, and even though people have their weaknesses she was a great mother to Turtle. Out of all the evil in her life she made it look so simple to deal with. â€Å"†¦I was not the smartest or even particularly outstanding but I was there and staying out of trouble and I intended to finish† (3). Taylor was not the perfect mother or a perfect person, but she had a great heart and a great passion to do the right thing, and that she was amazing at. The Bean Trees In the book The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver, there is a young girl named Taylor who did not want to be like the typical girls from Kentucky. She wanted to go and get out of the small town. She got in her old beat up car and traveled throughout the United States, until she landed in Arizona. When she was there she not only had to deal with herself, but she now had a little girl who she named Turtle. This was not her daughter; instead someone she barely knew handed her off to Taylor. Turtle was not your average toddler, she was what some people call retarded or slow, but Taylor did not even notice that, all she saw was a little girl in need of help. Even though Taylor could not give Turtle a life of riches, she knew she could at least do better than before. Throughout the rest of the book Taylor experiences many events that portray evil. â€Å"Turtle's main goal in life, other than hanging on to things, seemed to be to pass unnoticed† (81). Turtle was a mentally slow child. When she was given to Taylor the woman said that her mother had died and that the little girl had no home. Taylor was just being a good person and taking Turtle, so that she could live in a better place. Once she had Turtle she took her back to the hotel and gave her a bath. When she did she realized that the black and blue marks on her body was not just dirt, but bruises. Taylor had grown up in a loving house with a loving mother who taught her the necessities of life. Seeing Turtle and beat up and scared broke Taylor’s heart. There was a cactus with bushy arms and a coat of yellow spines as thick as fur. A bird had built her nest in it. In and out she flew among the horrible spiny branches, never once hesitating. You just couldn't imagine how she'd made a home in there† (130). Which makes Turtle’s new life, not glamorous, but a lot better than it could have been. Turtle was not the only person in Taylor’s life. There were two immigrants that were friends of hers they were Esperanza and Esteven. She knew that they were in the country illegally, but Taylor did not care. They were nice people who had been tortured in their life as well. The government had been trying to get them and everyone seemed to be very rude to them. â€Å"You can go and visit heaven. What? You see a room just like the first one, the same table, the same pot of stew, the same spoons as long as a sponge mop. But these people are all happy and fat† (113). Esteven meant that there is people will help you in heaven, but no one will help you in hell. He was influencing that he was in hell because someone had kidnapped his very own kid, and the government is out to get rid of them. This shows how their whole life they have been trying to run away from evil. Turtle was a very unlucky and lucky girl. She was unlucky in the sense that she had been abused and almost lost and kidnapped. She was in the park one day playing with Lou Ann’s child, when this scary man came up and was going to take her. Her babysitter put up her cane and scared the man away. Turtle did not just forget about it though. She went on not talking to anyone about anything, even Taylor. Taylor had always been very strong when hard or scary situations came upon them. In this case she was not, she was going crazy worried that Turtle would never talk again. She also started feeling sorry for herself, like she wasn’t good enough to be a mother to Turtle. She soon came to realize that she was the best life that Turtle could have right now. Eventually Turtle talked again but it she felt most comfortable with Taylor. Throughout this book there were many bad experiences that happened to Taylor. She found a sad little girl that was abandoned and bruised, friends that were in trouble with the government, and a new daughter that was almost kidnapped. Even throughout all of those hard times Taylor managed to not â€Å"freak out† she always looked at life in the positive eye. Taylor is a strong woman, and even though people have their weaknesses she was a great mother to Turtle. Out of all the evil in her life she made it look so simple to deal with. â€Å"†¦I was not the smartest or even particularly outstanding but I was there and staying out of trouble and I intended to finish† (3). Taylor was not the perfect mother or a perfect person, but she had a great heart and a great passion to do the right thing, and that she was amazing at.

Australia and China Tade Essay

China is a country located in East Asia. It is the world’s most populous country, with a population of over 1.35 billion. China is the fourth largest country in the world behind Russia, Canada, and the United States. Australia is a continent and a country in the Southern Hemisphere, lying to the south of Southeast Asia, which divides the Indian and South Pacific Oceans. The population of Australia is 23 million. In 2009 China surpassed Japan to become Australia’s largest export market, the Australian and Chinese economies are strongly complementary. As a result, our trade and investment relationship is substantial and has developed well beyond its modest beginnings in the 1970s. According to Australian statistics, two-way merchandise trade has grown from $113 million in 1973, just after the establishment of diplomatic relations, to $78.2 billion in 2009. China is Australia’s largest trading partner, with total trade (goods and services) in 2009 valued at $85.1 billion, an increase of 15.1 per cent over the previous year. Government and/or NGO Roles: The Australian Government established the Australia-China Council (ACC) in 1978 to promote mutual understanding and foster people-to-people relations between Australia and China. The Chairperson is appointed by the Executive Council on the recommendation of the Minister for Foreign Affairs, who also appoints the Board members. The function of the Council is to make recommendations to the Australian Government through the Minister for Foreign Affairs on strengthening the Australia-China relationship in ways that support Australia’s foreign and trade policy interests. The Australia China Business Council (ACBC) is a membership-based, non-profit, non-governmental organisation comprising of a National Office, six Branches, and more than 1500 representatives from over 700 Australian companies who do business with China. Founded in 1973, ACBC actively promotes two-way trade and investment, and economic cooperation and understanding, between the business communities of Australia and China. ACBC plays an influential role as an advisor to the Australian Government on commercial relations with China. They are a strong supporter of the Free Trade Agreement between Australia and China to foster more competitive business in both nations. Founded in Beijing in 1996, The China-Australia Chamber of Commerce’s (AustCham Beijing) overriding goal is to advance Australian Business in China. It functions to provide members with the information, resources and contacts they need to succeed in China. The Chamber maintains a good working relationship with the Australian Embassy and with the various Australian government departments in China. AustCham is a non-profit organization, which operates independently from government. It is funded entirely by their membership and Chamber activities. Together with their sister AustChams in Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, they work to promote strong trade and investment links between Australia and China. Treaties and Agreements- formal and/or informal: On the 18th of April 2005, Australia and China agreed to commence negotiations on a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) following consideration of a joint FTA Feasibility Study. The study was completed in March 2005, and concluded that there would be significant economic benefits for both Australia and China through the negotiation of an FTA. From April 2013, WESTPAC and ANZ banks will now be the first to directly trade Australian dollars into Chinese Yuan. Due to this fact, deepening of relationships between China and Australia, it signals deepening of trade connections and great opportunities for future growth.† Advantages and Disadvantages to Australia of this link: Advantages: Employment will increase in exporting industries and workers will be displaced as import competing industries fold (close down) in the competitive environment. With free trade many jobs have been created in Australia, especially in manufacturing and service industries Consumers benefit in the domestic economy as they can now obtain a greater variety of goods and services. The increased competitions ensure goods and services, are supplied at the lowest prices. Disadvantages: This can impact upon large numbers of workers, their families and local economies. Often it can be difficult for workers to find employment in growth industries and government assistance is necessary. This means that businesses, employees and consumers are more vulnerable to downturns in the economies of our trading partners. Future Direction of link: Australia and China share a strong and rapidly growing trade and economic relationship. Further strengthening and deepening this relationship is a major priority for both countries, with both governments committed to sustaining the impressive trade and investment performance achieved in the past two decades. In that time, China has become Australia’s largest two-way trading partner and vital to Australia’s future economic prosperity.